Microsoft Visual Basic Programming Language Computer Science Essay

Microsoft Visual Basic Programming Language Computer Science Essay Microsoft Visual Basic is a programming language is which is easier and simpler to use than other programming languages for example Java, Programming in C, programming in C++. Visual basic is an ideal language for developing Windows-based, Database and Internet applications. Windows-based applications are event driven and they need good graphical user interface (GUI) support. Internet applications require web page programming support. Visual Basic provides a scripting language called VBScript to help you control and make your web pages interactive. Visual Basic can also be used to access database created using database management software (DBMS) such as Access 2000, SQL Server 7.5 and FoxPro. Visual Basic also supports both traditional procedure-oriented programming and the newer object-oriented programming (OOP). Visual Basic is one of the members of a group of software called Visual Studio. The other members of this group are Visual Studio Tools, Visual C++, Visual J++, Visual FoxPro and Visual InterDev. There are four versions of Visual Basicà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Working Model, Learning Edition, Professional Edition and Enterprise Edition. The Visual Basic environment is where users can create and test their projects. The Visual Basic environment consists of several windows such as: The Title bar- displays the projects name(Project1). The default project name is Project1. Subsequent projects are named Project2, Project3, etc. Besides the project name, the title bar also contains several icons. The buttons on to the right are the standard windows buttons that can use to minimize, restore or close the window. Menu Bar- has the usual menu items such as File, Edit, View, Project, Run and Tools. Tool Bar- contains several icons, each of which represents a command. These icons provide a shortcut to the most frequently used commands. Toolbox- Located at the left hand side of the of the main window, contains a set of icons, each of which represent control object or just control. Form window- The window at the center of the main screen is the Form window. This is where the user can design their application. When the user begins a project, Visual Basic gives a new form with the default form named Form1. These are the few items and tool featured in a Visual Basic environment. Question 1 Write a program to produce the following output: Main Menu For Loop While Loop Select your Choice: 1 Using For Loop to Display the pattern 1 22 333 Do you want to continue(Y/N)? Y Main Menu For Loop While Loop Select your Choice: 2 Using while Loop to Display the pattern 1 22 333 Do you want to continue(Y/N)? N Press any key to continue Output For Question 1 Module Module1 Sub Main() Dim i, j As Int32 Do Dim a As Integer Console.WriteLine(Main Menu) Console.WriteLine(1-For Loop) Console.WriteLine(2-While Loop) Console.WriteLine(Select Your Choice) a = Console.ReadLine() If a = 1 Then Dim k As Int32 = 1 Console.WriteLine(Using For Loop to Display the pattern) For i = 1 To 3 Console.WriteLine() For j = 1 To i Console.Write(k.ToString) Next j k += 1 Next i Dim b As Char Console.WriteLine(vbCrLf) Console.WriteLine(Do You Want To Continue (Y/N)?) b = Console.ReadLine() If (b = Y) Then Else End End If ElseIf (a = 2) Then Console.WriteLine(Using While Loop to Display the pattern) Console.WriteLine(vbCrLf) Dim counter As Integer = 1 While counter Console.WriteLine(StrDup(counter, CChar(counter.ToString))) counter += 1 End While Dim b As Char Console.WriteLine(vbCrLf) Console.WriteLine(Do You Want To Continue (Y/N)?) b = Console.ReadLine() If (b = N) Then End End If Else Console.WriteLine(Please key 1/2) End If Loop End Sub End Module Source Code For Question For the first question was done using if else statements to determine wheter to print out for loop or while loop by assigning conditions, for example a=1 for for loop and a=2 for while loop. The variable a is set with Dim As Integer meaning as assigned with 1 and 2. The for and while loop codes are above whitin the codition. For the Looping of the statement was done by using Do loop, that the Menu can loop again. Using Console.WriteLine to print the output and using Console.ReadLine for input, Console.WriteLine(vbCrLf) for new line. Dim Char is to represent a single character in this case either using Y or N option to continue with the program. Dim Integer to represent number without decimal place. Question 2 The numbers of calories burned per hour cycling, jogging, and swimming are 200, 475, and 275, respectively. A person loses 1 pound of weight for each 3500 calories burned. Write a program that allows the user to input the number of hours spent at each activity and then calculates the number of pounds worked off. The Output For Question 2 The following image above is my output for question 2. This was done using Microsoft Visual.NET 2003. Briefly explaining the element used to create this was Label, text, Radiobuttons and a button. So this was to test the number of hours that the user has done using the following 3 choices above. So after the selection of one of the radiobuttons the output will be displayed in pounds, as where the number of pounds shed by the user. The following interaction was done by the button. The codes are set in the button so when the user click the result is displayed. For more detailed explanation of the code is below. The codes for the button for Question 2 Using Dim as Double enables the user to have decimal places compared to integer/ Using 3 variables a, b, and c respectively to represent each of following hours cycling, jogging and swimming. Using the if statements to achieve the result for the corresponding activities for each. The raddiobuttons are the following activities that represents cycling, jogging and swimming. The value of each is multiplied by the value given by the question as 200,475 and 275 and then each of them are divide by the number of calories which is 3500. Conclusion A Visual Basic application or project typically requires some input, processing and output. For interaction with the user the project will typically use several controls such as forms, text and picture boxes, labels and command buttons. Using these control, the user can control the program execution. Planning a Visual Basic project basically involves the following steps: Plan the project. This involves determining what to do. Designing the User Interface. The interface is the most visible part of the project. It is used to interact with the system. The user can determine the controls ( e.g., command buttons, text boxes, labels) that are needed to enter data (input), to display results of computation (output), and to control the program execution (processing). Set the properties of the controls. Determine the controls that the user will need or their project and set the properties (e.g., appearance, name, caption, color) for each of the controls used. Write the code (program). The code represents the action that must take when the user clicks on a Command button. Clicking a Command button is called an event and the code represents a response to that event Test and debug the code. This is done to ensure that the program works correctly These steps help the user to analyze first, plan using draft and then apply his information gathered into motion. These steps are a require that every programmer must do in order to achieve full satisfaction of their program.

Psychodynamic Theories Essay

As a group over the last few weeks we have been dicussing has a group the 3 main theories of counselling and after careful deliberation ive chosen to do my presentation on the psychodynamic theory. Psychodynamics is the theory and systematic study of the psychological forces that underlie human behaviour. It is especially interested in the dynamic relations between conscious and unconscious motivation . Psychodynamic therapies depend upon a theory of inner conflict, wherein repressed behaviours and emotions surface into the patient’s consciousness; generally, one conflict is subconscious . Psychodynamics was initially developed by Sigmund Freud ,Carl Jung and Alfred Adler. By the mid 1940s and into the 1950s, the general application of the â€Å"psychodynamic theory† had been well established. When talking about Psychodynamic theory the first name that pops into most peoples heads is Sigmund Freud. Sigmund Freud was Born in Austria on May 6, 1856, Sigmund Freud theorized and practiced neuropsychology, studying first hysteria and then sexuality. A highly controversial intellectual figure of the 20th century, he studied dreams, defined what he called the Oedipus complex and laid out three stages of infantile sexual development . He remains one of the most influential figures in today’s world. His name alone symbolizes the importance of his theories, and the name that comes to most people’s heads when saying the word psychology is Sigmund Freud. Freud was a psychodynamic psychologist and that came from Freud’s view on the mind is in the shape of an iceberg. He believes that mankind’s mind works in the unconscious. Every choice that mankind makes he is aware of, but maybe the consequences of our action might be unknown. The Structure of Personality which is another interesting part of Freud’s theory basically states that we have an ID, a Superego and an Ego. The ID is a biological reservoir of urges and impulses that need to be gratified. He says the ID does not have a conscious , it acts on instinct and it seeks out gratification and pleasure. It is the pleasure principle. The Superego is the Morality Principle, and the Superego knows the difference between right and wrong. The Superego is a bunch of learned internalized morals and values of society. This is  basically the thing that keeps the ID in check. Freud said that Superego is our conscious, and that the Superego is the most powerful tool (guilt and pride). Last but not least is the Ego, which is the reality principle. The Ego finds socially acceptable ways to satisfy the ID. It finds the balance between the ID and reality. The functions of the Ego is to find a compromise between the ID and the Superego. The Ego must also learn to deal with anxiety, and it also helps to boost the self-esteem. Without the Ego there would be no mental health. After researching Freud’s theory of the Structure of Personality I feel we have different parts of our behavior that we can control and that we are conscious about and there are other behaviors that come directly from our unconscious . Our ego lies to us, denies, falsifies, and distorts reality which in turn causes us to create what Freud likes to call the seven defense mechanisms. The first of the seven defense mechanisms is Repression. Repression pushes the problem to the subconscious. It is the exclusion of impulses and thoughts from the conscious mind. Next comes Denial, and denial is the cutting of the conscious mind from external threats. ANTHONY BILLSON 5. 2 PAGE 3 An example of this would be when you are walking in the mall with your girlfriend and a beautiful woman walks by and you look but when your girlfriend asks you say, â€Å"I wasn’t looking at her. † Next there is a defense mechanism called Sublimation which is the changing of bad behavior and impulses into socially acceptable behavior and impulses. One example of this could be playing football for a scholarship in order to go to college. Another defense mechanism is Reaction Formation which is a development of behavior opposite of that which brings you anxiety . The next mechanism is called Projection whichis when the unconscious attribution of your thoughts and feelings is brought onto others. Finding flaws in others is a good example of Projection. Displacement is the next defense mechanism, and this is when an urge is placed onto another object. Taking out anger onto others when you really should be mad at yourself. Last but not least is the defense mechanism of Rationalization which is giving a good reason in place of the true reason. Another well known psychologist which is actually a student of Freuds’ is Carl Jung who is also a psychodynamic psychologist, Carl Jung was born July 26, 1875 in Kesswil, Switzerland and he went a little deeper than Freud did in his theories and he challenges some of his ideas. One is that Jung’s iceberg is right side up and at the top of the iceberg is the ego, and the level underneath that is the personal unconscious, and the final level of the iceberg is finally the collective unconscious which is almost the exact opposites of Freud’s. What I mean by deeper is that he feels that man is not just sexual but spiritual as well. He says that the major difference in man is based on the Libido which is your sex drive. As you can see Jung has a much broader level of human interest. Jung theories are strongly based on Darwin’s theory of Evolution. Jung thinks we evolved behaviorally which has allowed us to prosper and move forward in order to keep up with society. The next part of Carl Jung’s theory is the Archetypal Complex, which are common ways of dealing with the world. In other words it’s a genetically transmitted response strategy. It ensures survival. There are two examples of Archetypal Complexes and they are the enemy archetype and the social archetype. . There are examples in everyday life when a person does not know what something is they immediately show some sort of aggression or frustration which proves they are afraid of what is different or what they do not really know or understand. The social archetype basically means strength in numbers. Also the social archetype is what we look to for support and look to interact and socialize with. The response strategy is to develop a need to conform. With the whole idea of Archetypal Complexes different people use different ways to deal with the world’s problems, and enemy archetype could not be more precise about mankind being threatened by something that is different. The next part of Jung’s theory is the idea of Individuation which is the integration of our conscious perceptions of the outside world with our unconscious archetypal experiences. Polarities, which are opposite extremes, which ties in the Principle of entropy which, is a state of disorder and a randomness of energy. The last thing Jung states in his theory is the idea of wholeness which is having both polarities of our life met. Carl Jung’s theory challenges much of Freud’s, but in some ways is similar. Jung gets more into man being more spiritual than sexual which is almost the opposite of Freud. The next psychologist that I will mention will be a social psychodynamic psychologist by the name of Alfred Adler. Adler was born on February 7, 1870 and Adler’s theory states that all of us are born with a sense of inferiority as evidenced by how weak and helpless a newborn is. ANTHONY BILLSON 5. 2 PAGE 4 By this, Adler was able to explain that this inferiority is a crucial part of our personality, in the sense that it is the driving force that pushes us to strive in order to become superior. In addition to the Inferiority Theory of Personality, Adler also considers birth order as a major factor in the development of our personality. He believed that first born children may feel inferior and may even develop inferiority complex once their younger sibling arrives. The middle born children, on the other hand, are not as pampered as their older or younger sibling, but they have a sense of superiority to dethrone their older sibling in a healthy competition. Thus they have the greatest potential to be successful in life. The youngest children may feel like they have the least power to influence other members of the family. Because they are often the most pampered, they may develop personality problems of inferiority just like the first born. He was much less of a pessimist than Freud was; Almost a complete opposite from Freud. Adler believed that society impedes humans. His view of the mind is much like Carl Jung’s, but instead of having the ego at the top he has the conscious at the top with the unconscious on the bottom. He felt that social interests drive motivation, which is an innate drive to be social and to belong. He also stated in his theory that mankind is dependent on others and their reactions and their acceptance which in turn leaves mankind very vulnerable. The main idea of this theory is that he feels that mankind is more social than biological. A great example ofthis would definitely be that in today’s schools there are cliques and clans of different people that feel that they are cooler or better and than the people who are not as popular do whatever they can to fit in with a certain group. Teenagers nowadays are probably the best example there is of Adler’s theory of social interest. Another part of Adler’s theory that he brings up is the idea of the creative self which he says drives us toward human nature. There are two parts to this theory and they are the superiority complex and the inferiority complex. First of all the superiority complex states mankind tries to better itself in order to overcome our weaknesses. The second part of this theory is the inferiority complex which is when society measures us up to their standards. This is when we begin to avoid our weaknesses instead of trying to overcome them. The next theorist is Erich Fromm who was born in Frankfurt on March 23, 1900 and he was a liberal social psychodynamic psychologist who was also a student of Freuds. He believes that man is innately good and society is the thing that corrupts him. He also feels that the conscious mind dominates over the unconscious. Fromm says man is a social creature and he believes that mankind has social needs. He says life is a struggle and society makes our lives difficult. Fromm feels that the four needs of mans’ social life are relatedness, frame of reference , identity, and transcendence. Relatedness is a basic need and it states that man needs to feel connected to humanity whether it be friends, family, or activities. It also states that man has to beinteracted with other in order to belong. The problems start when a person feels that they are not a part of something. Relatedness is probably the most powerful need. Frame of Reference are common ideas and beliefs of looking at the world. This is when we seek out a belief system or a value system. We receive our frame of reference from where we find our relatedness. Without frame of reference there is no meaning to life. Identity is the next out of the four needs of mans social life which is when you know who you are and what you stand for. With identity you have to establish your own uniqueness or identity. Recognizing differences in others help you to find your own identity. ANTHONY BILLSON 5. 2 PAGE 5 Next comes transcendence which is rarely achieved and this means to rise above societies conformities in order to be an individual. With transcendence there is a risk of losing your relatedness, and for this not to happen relatedness must allow you rise above society. A conflict of freedom and loneliness means that the more that we become transcendent the more we lose the relatedness. My last theorist to talk about is Erik Erikson, he was born in Frankfurt, Germany in 1902 . Erikson impacted psychological theories by expanding upon Freud’s original five stages of development. He believed that each person progressed through eight, and ultimately nine (added by his widow), stages of development throughout their lives. Erikson’s theories were founded on the premise that environment played a major role in self-awareness, adjustment, human development, and identity . His belief in the Life Cycle later won him a Pulitzer Prize and a National Book Award. He was selected for the Jefferson Lecture and recognized for his achievement in the area of humanities. Erikson was best known for his impact on psychology through his theory on social development and his lengthy teaching career at prestigious institutions. Now after all my researching which has took me quite a while to get through cause there are so many sources to choose from ive realised that has psychodynamic theories have developed over the years our understanding of the human psyche has evolved and so as the effectiveness of the methods used by counsellors today. There is a negative side to this theory though cause some critics argue that psychodynamic theories are not falsifiable and therefore unscientific. In response to this criticism, proponents of psychodynamic theories point out that evidence does support some psychodynamic concepts. For example, research shows that there are unconscious mental processes, that people have mental representations of other people, and that people use unconscious defense mechanisms to protect themselves from unpleasant emotions such as anxiety. Other critics argue that psychodynamic theories are made by generalizing from a small number of patients to the whole human population. Relying only on case studies can lead to faulty conclusions. Still others argue that most psychodynamic theories are not based on studies that follow people from childhood to adulthood. Instead, psychodynamic theorists listen to descriptions of an adult patient’s past and draw conclusions about the relevance of childhood experiences however memories are not always reliable.

Property Law in the UK

According to Clout (2002), more and more unmarried couples are living together nowadays.   Clout (2002) added that although their relationship comparable in a lot of aspects to marriage, unmarried couples must be conscious that the law deals with them differently from married couples.   In addition, Dyer (2002) states that according to the Law Commission, unmarried couples essentially have no legal right to a share of their partner’s property and must be decisive to safeguard themselves.On domestic property, in England the courts have declined to acknowledge that domestic property must be handled in a different way from any other kind of property.   In general, Parliament has refused to understand and follow this politically sensitive issue (www.warwick.ac.uk).There is also myth about the common law wife and cohabitants.   As maintained by www. divorce.co.uk , there is a widespread belief that a thing like a common law husband or wife exists. Contrary to this belief, e ver since the Marriage Act of 1763, there has been no such thing as a common law husband or wife in Wales and England.This means that whether somebody lives with his/her â€Å"partner†, or â€Å"cohabitee,† the law still considers that there is no special relationship existing and that their relationship is not equivalent to the relationship of a husband or wife. Moreover, Dyer (2006) said that surveys reveal that majority of unmarried couples are not aware of their lack of rights.The Rights of Cohabitees if the Relationship Breaks DownNot like married couples, Law on the Web adds that unmarried couples or â€Å"cohabitees† have no fundamental rights to their partner’s property or to maintenance if the relationship ends.   Essentially, what is hers is hers, what is his is his, and what is jointly owned has to be apportioned.If the relationship between an unmarried couple ends, then their property rights are unaffected. The distinction between â€Å"his , hers and theirs† (or, indeed, between â€Å"his, his and theirs† or â€Å"hers, hers, and theirs†) is very real in this situation and each person is entitled to claim his/her own property.According to www.terry.co.uk, the situation of cohabitees is different. The property rights of unmarried couples continue to be precisely the same even after break up. This means that any property is still owned by its owner and that is typically the individual who paid for that property. Logically, there is certain room for argument over this but that is the prevailing standard and the courts have no power to disregard it.If  the parties are putting in inequitably or disproportionately to the maintenance or purchase price of the property, then this must be manifested by being specified as tenants-in-common and possessing unequal shareholdings (for instance, 60% and 40%), instead of the identical shareholdings of beneficial joint tenants (Law on the Web).Meanwhile, if the ot her party also contributed to the purchase price of the property, the courts are probable to acknowledge or recognize that in any case part of the property must have been in their name; and if there has been an agreement between the parties and the non-owner of the property has taken actions to their disadvantage accordingly (for example, paid household bills, contributed to mortgage repayments, or, maybe, sold their personal property) then the courts might possibly concur that they must share in the property.According to www.divorce.co.uk, if the unmarried couple splits up, the woman might be able to prove that she is unconstrained to a share in the house if she might be able to prove the following:(a) That she contributed to the price of buying the house. Even though if for instance she merely gave a 10% deposit that could signify she would simply be expected to get 10% of the net equity.(b) That she can prove or establish that the man promised her that the house would be theirs j ointly if she makes some contribution to the price of the house. It is more effective if she can disclose that the man put his promise in writing, even though it does not have to be a formal paper; actually, love letters can be sufficient. Moreover, the contribution should be practically important, for instance paying for the groceries and the dining set would probably not be adequate.(c) That in case there is no written document as an evidence, the woman might still be able to assert a share of the house if she will prove that she depended on the man’s promise to her and as a consequence she made a considerable contribution to what she assumed was going to be her home as well.The Case of Jane and AhmedIn the case of Jane and Ahmed, Jane can claim beneficial rights in the house due to the following: §   When Jane asked Ahmed that the house be transferred into their joint names, Ahmed assured Jane that in the near future when they get married, the house will be Janeâ€℠¢s too. § Because she depended on Ahmed’s promise, she undertook extensive gardening in the grounds of the house, redesigned the house to make it more homely, paid for some central heating to be installed, and helped build and pay for the extension of the house.Meanwhile, her share to the house will be calculated in terms of the contributions that she had made in the house.   In her case, she can claim the 25,000, which she spent for the extension of the house and the price that she paid for the other renovations made in the house.The Case of Rachel and TomWith regards to the situation of Rachel and Tom, Rachel could certainly claim beneficial rights to the house due to the following reasons:Even if the house is in the sole name of Tom, Rachel has a contribution to the purchase price of the house because her parents gave 10,000, which was used to help pay for the house.   As Montgomery (2005) asserts, the easiest way that the woman can prove that she is entitled to a sh are in the house is if she can prove that she contributed in the purchase price.Moreover, Rachel paid the installments of the mortgage loan of the house for a period of 12 months when Tom was out of work.   In the course of their relationship, Rachel has also supervised some renovation work on the house, subsidized the housekeeping and allowed Tom to pay less.Rachel’s share to the house will be calculated taking into account the amount given by her parents in paying for the house, the total amount of the installments she had paid for the mortgage loan, and the amount of the renovation and housekeeping she had paid out of her own money.A similar case to that of Jane and Rachel is the case of Elayne Oxley who was awarded a 100,000 share of her previous partner’s home although they were not unmarried and she made no financial contribution to the mortgage (Divorce-Online Ltd, 2004).   The court verdict said that Ms. Oxley is entitled to a 40% share of the property beca use even though she had not paid the mortgage she had contributed towards food and utility bills.Works CitedCompactlaw. (2006).   Unmarried Couples.   Retrieved from http://www.compactlaw.co.ukClout, Imogen.   (2002).   The â€Å"Which?† Guide to Living Together.   Which? Books.Divorce-Online Ltd. (2004).   Unmarried woman wins share of former partner’s home.Divorce Website.   The myth of the common law wife and cohabitants.   Retrieved from http://www.divorce.co.ukDyer, Clare.   (2002).   Property rights warning for unmarried couples.   The Guardian.Dyer, Clare.   (2006).   Unmarried couples to get new rights.   The Guardian.Law on the Web.   Unmarried Couples-Property Rights.   Retrieved from http://www.lawontheweb.co.ukMontgomery, Emma-Lou.   (2005).   The common-law wife – is there such a thing? MSN Money.Terry Website.   Cohabitees and their rights if the relationship breaks down.   Retrieved from http://www.terry.co. ukWarwick Website. (1999).   Domestic Property.   Retrieved from http://www.law.warwick.ac.uk

Effective Leadership - Crucial for Success - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2488 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Management Essay Type Analytical essay Level High school Did you like this example? Abstract Effective leadership is crucial for the success of any organization. The effectiveness of leadership depends on how well leaders influence the attitudes, behaviors, and values of others toward organizational goals. There are leadership skills that measure leaderà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s effectiveness. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Effective Leadership Crucial for Success" essay for you Create order But, a sense of humility is essential to leadership because it authenticates a personà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s humanity. Humility prevents excessive self-focus, and allows a leader to develop better relationships with employees. Humility is a trait that has been recognized as a critical aspect of an effective leader. And humility is not a skill and humility is coming from the deep of the heart. It should be developed in a person by practicing while spending more time on it. Showing humility is a not a sign of weakness. Arrogance can be the antidote to humility which has a slight difference from self-confidence. Introduction This answer is about how humility allows a leader to develop better relationships with employees in order to be an effective leader in an organization as said by Stanley Silverman. I realized that most of the time, people confuse humility as self-deprecation and confidence as arrogance. So, I studied these behaviours one by one and contrast the difference between them. Then I studied that how these behaviours affect to the effectiveness of a leader. Throughout the answer I discuss how humility can be used as the key to an effective leadership using relevant managerial concepts and examples. What is humility? Humility is simply the absence of pride and lack of arrogance. Humility helps a person to think about his abilities and his actions as no greater, and no lesser, than they really are. A humble person honestly assesses what are his talents, strengths, struggles and weaknesses. Humility is good for self-improvement. By remaining humble, a person can get more opportunities to improve. If a person can be confident, aggressive, and humble at the same time; she or he is a person with humility. Ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s completely possible to be confident and humble at the same time, without being prideful. Being humility is a positive trait of an effective leader. Humility cannot be manufactured, because it comes from the heart of a person, specially rooted in what a person thinks of other people. And being humble doesnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t mean that ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s a lack of self-confidence of leader. It gives others a chance to explain their ideas. It may ends with more advance results than before. And humility is not a skill. Someone can act as a person with humility. But others may not feel it. Humility is coming with a personà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s moral values and ethics. It should be practiced as a habit may be since childhood. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Humility is to make a right estimate of one-self.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ -Charles H. Spurgeon What is arrogance? Arrogance is the antidote the humility. Arrogance makes a person pride meaninglessly. Human nature being what it is, most of us find ourselves at one time or another believing we are better than the next person in some respect. But ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s just an opinion. It doesnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t indicate that he know everything. But if a person goes beyond tha t he became arrogant person. And if a leader became arrogance it becomes worst because arrogant leaders are self-focused. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Arrogant people are more than willing to take credit for their successes, but not their failures.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  They take credit for the experiences of others. They blame others when their organization is failing without identify his/her faults. And arrogant person is an unwillingness to accept feedback. They think they are always right. Arrogant people believe they have the right to own others. Their business decisions are driven by ego. They are manipulative.And they are in always fear about others will overcome them. They always have a silent competition with their fellows. Humility vs. arrogance Humble makes a personà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s humility and pride makes a person arrogant. Humility helps to person to identify his weaknesses and develop them while arrogance blinds a person with pride. Arrogance is synonymous with insecurity; true h umility is synonymous with confidence. Arrogance divides peoples to levels while humility makes strong relationships with everyone. Person with humility always willing to learns but arrogant persons always think they know everything. Humility listens while arrogance talks. Humble leadersserveothers and arrogant leaders serve themselves. These quotes byLiene Stevens show how a person indicates his arrogance and humility by his words. Arrogance says, I am talented, roll out the red carpet for me. Humility says, I am talented and get to stand on the shoulders of giants. Arrogance says, Everything everyone else does is inferior. Humility says, Look at this community of talent! Arrogance asks, Whats in it for me? Humility asks, Whats best for everyone involved? Most of the time we can see people in higher levels are arrogant while people in bottom-line have humility. When a person climbs up the ladder typically arrogance also goes high. But effective leaders donà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã ¢â€ž ¢t allow arrogance to become higher. They become more humble when goes high. Arrogance vs. self-confidence People like to work with leaders with self-confidence. Ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s trait of effective leader categorized under a positive quality a leaderà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s personality. But if a leader crosses the gap between self-confidence and arrogance people may have far less respect than being a self-confidence person. Confidence and arrogancedepend on how a person regards others.For example, five scientists who are collaborating on a project might all be the best at their subjects, but among the other four, perhaps no one has a real academic advantage. If one talks about him up would come across as arrogance. Arrogance doesnt actually come from being too confident, but from insecurity, a fear that if others succeed than him. Arrogance also linked with pride and selfishness.When a person dont want others to succeed, they are being selfish. Self-deprecation vs. Hum ility Its true that in order to be humble, we have to belittle ourselves. But self-deprecation isnt humility. Self-deprecation is lack of confidence about a persons own skills. Person with self-deprecations doesnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t believe in himself. They believe they canà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t become better. Self-deprecation can bring down a personà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s motivation and individual worth. Humility isnt thinking less of yourself, but less about yourself. Elder Dieter F. Uchtdorf Discussion How arrogance affect an organization Arrogance in the workplace is widespread. Workplace arrogance can have an impact on an organizationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s morale and its bottom line. Arrogant behavior can make life miserable for subordinates and co-workers. It affects badly to the relationships between employees. Arrogance makes conflicts between employees. Arrogance affects to each type of communication; upward, downward, and horizontal communication. Silverman says that di fficult individuals in a superior position, isnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t receptive to feedback. He suggests that best thing to do is make sure your role is very clear and emphasize the importance of the team and the organizationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s objectives. How arrogance affect to a leader Arrogance makes a gap between team and leader. It may result leaderà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s key ideas not transmitting correctly to group members. And group members may not explain their ideas to leaders. Arrogance makes leader self-centered. Group members may have far less respect for an arrogant leader. It may result to have virtual-teams in a group. And leader doesnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t have a chance to get a feedback of his own. Leader will not have a chance to identify his weaknesses and develop them. The performance of leader will decrease and he will be disfavored among superior leaders. How humility affect to the effectiveness of the leader As a human skills Human skill is the managerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s ability to work with and through other people and to work effectively as a group member. This skill indicates the ability to motivate, facilitate, coordinate, lead, communicate, and resolve conflicts. When the leader is a person with humility it allows subordinates to express themselves without fear and encourages participation. Level of humility can be an indicator of leaderà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s human skills for the subordinates. As a leadership trait Traits are the distinguishing personal characteristics of a leader, such as intelligence, values, selfconfidence, and appearance. Humility allows a leader to encourage others towards their goals and promote others for their success, allow others to take decisions, acknowledging what others do. Therefore humility also can be categorized as a trait. Humility is also a distinguishing personal characteristic. We can see how humility is a trait through à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Great Man approachà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . Nelson Mandela and George Washington are the genuine examples of great leaders with humility. Effective communication Humility helps to makes positive relationships with co-workers and employees. It helps every level of communication especially upward and horizontal communication. If a leader is humble it gives confidence to subordinates to express their ideas. Their participation will be encouraged. Humility is essential for leaders to get the full advantage of management by wandering around. It will help to leader to communicate his key ideas of follows and learn back their problems. Team-work Humility enhances the leaderà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s capacity in team working. Leaderà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s humility helps to eliminate virtual teams, conflicts from effective communication. Leaders are acting dual role of a team; task specialist and socio-emotional role. To do the socio-emotional role leaders definitely need humility. If not, leader will not sense the problems of group members. And leaderà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s humility will improve the diversity of a team. It will produce more innovative solutions to problems, enhance the level of creativity, and convert conflict that leads to decision making. Leadership Charismatic leaders and humility These leaders have an emotional impact on subordinates because they strongly believe in the vision and can communicate it to others in a way that makes the vision real, personal, and meaningful. They always think as a whole. They are not self-focused persons. They are full with humility to identify others needs and concerns. Steve Jobbs was a charismatic leader. May not be the case always. A charismatic leader may not always be humble. A charismatic leader may think that humility can make them weak in the eyes of his subordinates. Transformational Leaders and humility Transformational leaders are similar to charismatic leaders, but they are distinguished by their special ability to bring about innovation and change by recognizing followersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ needs and concerns (eg. Steve Jobbs, Bill Gates). They are humble to listen to follows and helping them look at old problems in new ways, and encouraging them. They inspire their followe rs to rise up and solve their own problems. Sources of power such as referent power are needed to become an effective leader. Referent power is personality characteristics that command subordinatesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ identification, respect, and admiration so they wish to emulate the leader. Humility helps to leader to get the respect and admiration of his follows. It helps to get the referent power as an effective a leader in an organization. Path goal theory Pathà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"goal theory describes how a leader increase followersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ motivation and clarify the path to attain personal and organizational goals. There are steps in path goal theory increasing rewards through the route. Leader should be humble enough to appreciate his followersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ success. If the leader is arrogant he will feel fear about his position when his followers achieve success. Humility is needed for leaders do these things practically. Workforce optimization perform ance Appraisal Work force optimization is implementing strategies to put the right people in the right jobs, make the best use of employee talent and skills, and develop human capital for the future. To do the workforce optimization leaders should be able to identify their own talents and weakness while examine others. Ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s done by using performance appraisal. Leader should be humble to consider their feed-backs by others to understand what his weaknesses are. And leaders should be humble to appraise the work of follows without being arrogance. It helps to optimize the workforce of an organization. Developing humility as a leader Here we can see how humility is importance for an effective leader. Yet the attribute of humility seems to be neglected in leadership development programs. But being humble is important to the leaders to rise through the ranks. How a person can change this? John dame and Jeffrey Gedmin (John Dame is CEO of Dame Management Strategies (DMS). Jeffrey Gedmin is CEO of the Legatum Institute) suggests six basic principles to develop humility as a leader. Know what you donà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t know. Resist falling for your own publicity. Never underestimate the competition. Embrace and promote a spirit of service. Listen, even (no,especially) to the weird ideas. Be passionately curious. Conclusion Humility is the absence of pride. Humility is not a skill and ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s coming from the ethics and moral values of a person. Humility is a key to be an effective leader. There are other behaviours which confuse with humility. Most of the time people confuse humility as self-deprecation and confidence as arrogance. Ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s important to identify the real meaning of humility from those. This study shows that how humility allows a leader to develop better relationships with employees in order to be an effective leader in an organization as said by Stanely. Organizations may get advantages by encouraging humility. Humility prevents excessive self-focus, and allows a leader to develop better relationships with employees. There are ways to develop humility in a person. Humility should be practised by taking time. References Humility vs. Arrogance: Which Wins in the Workplace? Available at: https://www.woodassociates.net/rap/search/pdf/rap%20newsletter%20september%202011%208_31_11.pdf .Last accessed: 04th May 2014. How to measure arrogance in bosses. ? Available at: https://www.bps.org.uk/news/how-measure-arrogance-bosses. Last accessed: 04th May 2014 Management(8th edition) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Richard L. Draft The Virtuous Life: Humility Available at:https://www.artofmanliness.com/2008/05/25/the-virtuous-life-humility/ Last accessed: 04th May 2014 Arrogance vs. Humility (January 1, 2013). Available at: https://www.thinksplendid.com/2013/01/arrogance-vs-humility-being-better-in.html / Liene Stevens. Last accessed: 04th May 2014 Benjamin Franklin, George Washington, And The Power Of Humility In Leadership Available at : https://www.fastcompany.com/3018516/leadership-now/benjamin-franklin-george-washington-and-the-power-of-humility-in-leadership / Last accessed: 04th May 2014 Humility as a Leadership Trait (2009). Available: http at://blogs.hbr.org/2009/09/humility-as-a-leadership-trait/ Last accessed: 04th May 2014 Six principles for developing Humility as a leader (2013). Available at: https://blogs.hbr.org/2013/09/six-principles-for-developing/ John Dame and Jeffrey GedminLast accessed: 04th May 2014 Humility is more important than confidence. Available at: https://www.scotthyoung.com/blog/2009/03/02/humility-is-more-important-than-confidence/ Scott H Young. Last accessed: 04th May 2014 Leadership and Relationship Skills: Humility vs. Arrogance. Available at: https://ne-mm.com/leadership-relationship-skills-humility-arrogance/ New England Multimedia. Last accessed: 04th May 2014 The 8 strengths of humility (2012). Available at: https://leadershipfreak.wordpress.com/2012/09/30/the-8-strengths-of-humility/ Leadership Freak. Last accessed: 04th May 2014 Arrogance vs. Confidence, Self-deprecation vs. Humility Available at: https://kamimcarthur.blogspot.com/2013/09/arrogance-vs-confidence-self.html. Kami McArthur Last accessed: 04th May 2014 Freedom 101: Arrogance vs. Humility. Available at: https://www.what-is-freedom.com/AvsH.htm Last accessed: 04th May 2014 Ways to Identify Humility vs. Arrogance in Leadership Available at: https://www.xonitek.com/press-room/industry-news/7-ways-to-identify-humility-vs-arrogance-in-leadership/ XONITEK. Last accessed: 04th May 2014